PERSPECTIVE

WHAT IS PERSPECTIVE?

Perspective is a drawing technique that expresses how objects appear from a distance. Perspective is used to transfer the three-dimensional nature of an object onto a two-dimensional surface. This technique enables objects to be drawn in correct proportions and dimensions, as they appear in real life. They are drawn using a specific point of view based on the objects' positions and distances. This helps the artist or designer to estimate how the object will appear from a distance. Perspective drawings create a realistic impression by using features such as parallel perspective lines, perspective points, eye levels, and distances.

It is a technique commonly used by painters, drawing artists, architects, and other designers. This technique helps to draw a three-dimensional object in correct proportions and dimensions onto a two-dimensional surface and accurately reflects the object's perspective in real life.

BASICS OF PERSPECTIVE

The basic principles of perspective include the following:

DISTANCE: Distance is an essential characteristic in perspective, which causes objects to appear smaller or larger than they are in reality. In perspective drawings, objects are drawn in different sizes and proportions depending on their distance and location. In perspective, distance is determined by the viewer's distance to the object and the object's position in the perspective drawing. As distance increases, the object becomes smaller and more indistinct because the viewer's eye looks further away.

The effect of distance in perspective can also be seen through perspective points, which are single points where parallel lines in a perspective drawing converge as they move away. Therefore, perspective drawings of distant objects may contain less detail than closer objects. It creates a closer impression to how objects are perceived in real life and helps artists, architects, and designers draw objects in correct proportions and dimensions onto a two-dimensional surface.

PERSPECTIVE LINES: Perspective lines are an important feature in perspective drawings that determine the size and location of objects. Perspective lines are lines that show the shapes and sizes of objects and indicate their distances and locations. They are drawn using a specific point of view based on the objects' distance. These lines can be at different angles dependingon the object's distance and location.

For example, different angles can be used to draw the roof of a building depending on its height and distance in the perspective drawing.

Perspective lines intersect with each other at the perspective points where parallel lines converge as they recede. This creates a more realistic impression of objects in perspective drawings, commonly used by artists, architects, and designers. This technique helps to draw objects in correct proportions and sizes, creating a more realistic impression of how they would appear in real life.

EYE LEVEL: The height of a person's or an animal's eyes that affects how they perceive their surroundings. Eye level can vary depending on the height at which a person is sitting or standing. In perspective drawings, eye level is an important factor in determining the angle of view used to draw objects. Eye level is crucial for correctly drawing perspective lines that determine the distance, size, and position of objects in perspective.

For example, the eye level of a person or an animal can be drawn in different ways depending on the perspective. In an environment where a person is standing, the eye level is higher, while in an environment where a person is sitting, the eye level may be lower. These different eye levels affect the size and distance of objects in perspective drawings and ensure that they are drawn in correct proportions. Eye level is an important factor used by artists and designers in their drawings. By using the correct eye level, a closer impression of the real-life size and position of objects can be created.

PERSPECTIVE POINT: The perspective point is an important element in perspective drawings that determines the distance and size of objects. In the perspective drawing of an object, parallel lines that recede from the object's line of sight converge at a certain point. This convergence point is called the perspective point. In perspective drawings, the perspective point can be in different places depending on the angle of the drawing. For example, in a drawing viewed from above, the perspective point will be at the top, while in a drawing viewed from below, it will be at the bottom.

Perspective point is important for accurately drawing the real size and position of an object. By using the correct perspective point in perspective drawings, a closer impression can be created of the objects' real-life sizes and positions. It is commonly used by artists, designers, and architects. Especially in architecture, the perspective point plays an important role in the design of buildings and other structures, and when drawn correctly, a closer impression can be created of the structures' real sizes and positions.

REFLECTION: Reflection is the reflection of light on the surface of an object, depending on the characteristics of the surface. This light reflection affects not only visual features such as shadows, color, and brightness, but also the perspective and form of the object. In perspective drawings, reflection is created by accurately drawing the light reflected on the surfaces around the object. For example, the reflection of an object on water gives the impression of the real-life reflection when drawn with the correct perspective that reflects the object's form.

Reflection is frequently used by artists in their paintings and by designers in graphic design. It creates a more accurate impression of an object's real-life reflection by accurately drawing the light that is reflected on the surrounding surfaces. Especially in architecture, reflection plays an important role in the design of buildings due to light reflections on surfaces such as glass and their reflective properties. When drawn correctly, reflection can help create the real-life appearance of architectural projects.

one-point perspective

One-point perspective is a perspective drawing technique that uses a single vanishing point for objects. In this technique, the front faces of objects are drawn parallel to eye level and lines that extend towards the background converge at the vanishing point.

This perspective technique is commonly used in drawings that are dominated by straight lines, especially in the drawing of buildings and other structures. For example, when drawing a street scene, the front facades of buildings are drawn parallel to eye level and the street lines in the background converge at a single vanishing point. One-point perspective is a popular perspective technique due to its ease of application in drawing. However, it may be insufficient when a change in perspective is required for viewing the sides or backs of objects and can lead to an inaccurate impression of perspective. Therefore, for more complex drawings, two or three-point perspective techniques can be used.

Atmospheric perspective

Atmospheric perspective is a perspective technique that uses atmospheric conditions and air quality to determine the distance and depth of objects. This perspective technique is used to increase depth and create a realistic impression in drawings, especially in landscape drawings. In this technique, as the distance of objects increases, their colors and details become more muted. Additionally, the sizes of objects that move into the distance also decrease. These effects are dependent on changes in color and light distribution caused by moisture and dust in the atmosphere.

For example, in a landscape drawing, objects that are close by are drawn with vivid and distinct colors, while mountains or trees in the distance are drawn with more muted colors and fewer details. This creates an impression of depth and distance in the drawing and creates a realistic impression. Atmospheric perspective is one of the perspective drawing techniques used to increase the realism of drawings.

Color perspective

Color perspective is a perspective technique that uses colors to determine the distance and depth of objects. By manipulating the colors, tones, and saturation of objects, this technique gives the viewer a sense of depth. When used with atmospheric perspective, it can more accurately show the distance and depth of objects. Typically, distant objects are drawn with more muted colors while nearby objects are drawn with more vibrant colors. This creates the impression that distant objects are further back and nearby objects are in the foreground. Color perspective can also create a sense of depth by using variations in color tone and saturation.

For example, dark and saturated colors may represent nearby objects while pale and light colors represent distant objects. This creates a more accurate impression of the size and position of objects in the drawing, similar to their real-life counterparts. Color perspective is an important perspective drawing technique, particularly in landscape paintings and drawings.

TWO-POıNT PERSPECTIVE

Two-point perspective is a technique used in perspective drawing that utilizes two vanishing points. This technique is used to determine the position and size of objects in perspective drawing, and is particularly useful in interior drawings. The front and side faces of objects are drawn accurately. The two vanishing points determine the direction of perspective lines in the drawing and ensure that objects are drawn in correct proportions.

This perspective drawing technique is particularly suitable for interior drawings. For example, two-point perspective can be used to draw the interior of a room. Drawing the section between two walls with the correct perspective angle allows the viewer to see the room in a more realistic way. In two-point perspective, it is important that the scale of the drawing is correct. Therefore, this technique is usually used for scaled drawings and requires practice to be applied correctly.